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Key Design Considerations for Steel Structure Industrial Plants

2025-03-31    219

Steel Structure

1. Structural System Configuration

Preferred Systems:

  • Frame Structures: Primary choice for single-story plants requiring large spans

  • Frame-Shear Wall Systems: Suitable for multi-story facilities with process-compatible layouts

Layout Principles:

ParameterRequirementRationale
Column GridSymmetrical distributionMinimizes torsional effects
Stiffness CenterAlign with mass centerReduces seismic response
Vertical ContinuityAvoid abrupt section changesPrevents stress concentration

Seismic Optimization:

  • Maintain balanced lateral stiffness in orthogonal directions

  • Typical span-to-column ratio: 6:1 (Longitudinal: 30-36m spans vs Transverse: 6-9m bays)


2. Site Selection Criteria

Seismic Considerations:

  • Prioritize non-seismic zones (>7° intensity areas require special measures)

  • Integrated expansion/seismic joint strategies for long buildings (>120m):
    ✓ Install 800mm post-pour strips at 40m intervals
    ✓ Reinforce thermal-sensitive areas (top/bottom floors, gable walls) with +15% rebar ratio
    ✓ Implement 150mm insulated roofing with 300mm ventilation cavity


3. Fire Protection Engineering

Material Behavior Analysis:

TemperatureSteel Performance
100-250°CTensile strength ↓ 10-15%
250°C (Blue Brittleness)Ductility ↓ 20%
500°CLoad capacity <30% original

Fire Rating Compliance:

  • Follow Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB50016) classifications:

    Fire Hazard ClassCoating Requirement
    Class C/D (Most common)2.5h fire resistance
    High-risk AreasIntumescent coatings ≥3.0mm

Protection Methods:

  • Spray-applied cementitious coatings (25-50mm thickness)

  • Board encapsulation systems (100mm mineral wool)

  • Critical beam-column joints: Hybrid protection (coating + fireproof cladding)

  • Steel Structure


4. Thermal Deformation Control

Joint Detailing Standards:

  • Expansion joint spacing: ≤180m for enclosed structures

  • Sliding connections: Allow ±50mm lateral movement

  • Gasket materials:
    ✓ EPDM rubber (Compression set ≤25%)
    ✓ Silicone-based sealants (Movement accommodation ±25%)


5. Sustainable Design Features

  • Integrated photovoltaic roofing systems (BIPV)

  • Rainwater harvesting through curved roof profiles

  • Modular construction enabling 85% material reuse

This comprehensive approach ensures compliance with international standards (ISO 3010, EN 1993) while optimizing lifecycle costs. Implement BIM-based clash detection during detailed design phase to verify all structural interfaces.